Refrigerator Compressor Types and How They Work

Published: 24 Apr 2025

Last summer, Fari noticed her old fridge was making strange noises and barely keeping the milk cold. She thought it was just old age. But when the repair guy came, he said, “Your compressor’s worn out. It’s the kind that works full power all the time.” That’s when Maya learned there are different types of refrigerator compressors, and some are quieter, smarter, and save more energy. If you’ve ever had a noisy fridge or high electric bills, this guide will help you understand which type of compressor might be right for you.

Table of Content

So are you ready? Let’s move on to our article and know everything in detail.

Types of Refrigerator Compressors

When it comes to refrigerators, the compressor plays a big role in keeping everything cool and fresh. But did you know there are different types of fridge compressors, each designed to work uniquely? Here’s a quick list to help you get familiar with them:

This Infographic Shows The Seven Types Of Compressors Used In Refrigerators.

Reciprocating Compressor
Rotary Compressor
Screw Compressor
Scroll Compressor
Inverter Compressor
Centrifugal Compressor (used in industrial systems)
Linear Compressor

Now we will discuss all the types of refrigerator compressors in detail, one by one. So are you ready? Let’s see.

Reciprocating Compressor

First, discuss the Reciprocating Compressor in detail and understand how it works.

How It Works

A reciprocating compressor uses a piston inside a cylinder to compress refrigerant gas. The piston moves up and down, similar to how a car engine works. When the piston moves down, it draws in the refrigerant gas. When it moves up, it squeezes (compresses) the gas and pushes it out. This process is what keeps the inside of your fridge cool by circulating the refrigerant through the cooling system.

Where It’s Commonly Used

Reciprocating compressors are commonly found in smaller home refrigerators, such as single-door fridges and budget models. You can also find them in older refrigerators that are still working fine. They’re a popular choice for household fridges because they are reliable and relatively inexpensive to repair.

Main Features

Here are the main features of the Reciprocating Compressor:

Reciprocating Compressor Is Shown In This Infographic

Works with a piston moving up and down to compress refrigerant gas.
Commonly used in basic home fridges.
Operates in on/off cycles, meaning it runs at full power when needed.
Tends to produce a steady humming or clicking sound during operation.
Relatively simple and cost-effective to build and maintain.

Pros

Let’s go over the benefits of using a Reciprocating Compressor:

Affordable: Generally cheaper than other compressor types.
Simple Design: Easy to repair if it breaks down.
Reliable: Works well for basic cooling needs in smaller fridges.

Cons

Now, let’s talk about the downsides of a Reciprocating Compressor:

Noisy: Can be loud because it turns on and off with each cooling cycle.
Energy-inefficient: Consumes more power since it works in full bursts rather than adjusting to cooling needs.
Not Ideal for Large or Smart Fridges: Less effective in bigger or more energy-efficient models.

Real-Life Example

Imagine a small apartment fridge that you can hear humming on and off. That’s likely a Reciprocating Compressor at work. It’s not the quietest, but it gets the job done for keeping your food cold, especially in older or less expensive fridges.

Rotary Compressor

So, guys, now we’ll discuss the rotary compressor and how it works

How It Works

A Rotary Compressor works by using a rotating motion instead of the up-and-down piston motion found in a reciprocating compressor. Inside the compressor, there is a cylinder with a roller or vane that moves around. As the roller or vane turns, it compresses the refrigerant gas. This rotary motion creates a continuous and smooth flow of compressed gas, making it more efficient than some other types.

Where It’s Commonly Used

You’ll often find Rotary Compressors in mid-range refrigerators, air conditioners, and freezers. They are more common in modern fridges that need to operate efficiently and quietly. They are especially good for medium-sized cooling needs, like in households or offices.

Main Features

Here are the key features of the Rotary Compressor:

This Infographic Makes It Easier To Understand The Bread Compressor In Picture Form.

Uses a rotating roller or vane to compress refrigerant gas.
Operates continuously, providing smoother and quieter performance.
More compact and efficient than reciprocating compressors.
Often used in mid-range appliances, offering a balance of performance and energy efficiency.

Pros

Here are the benefits of using a Rotary Compressor:

Quieter Operation: Produces less noise compared to reciprocating compressors.
Compact Size: More space-efficient, allowing for smaller appliance designs.
Energy Efficient: It consumes less energy because it runs continuously and smoothly.

Cons

Here are some drawbacks of the Rotary Compressor:

More Expensive: Generally, more costly to build and maintain than reciprocating compressors.
Can Wear Out Over Time: The moving parts may wear down faster, especially in cheaper models.
Not as Common in Larger Fridges: Less effective for cooling very large spaces or high-end commercial units.

Real-Life Example

Imagine a fridge in your kitchen that runs smoothly and quietly without that constant humming sound. That’s likely a Rotary Compressor at work. It’s a great choice for fridges that need to operate quietly and efficiently, making it ideal for medium-sized models or office fridges.

Screw Compressor

Now we will learn how a screw compressor works and what are its advantages and disadvantages. Let’s discuss everything in detail.

So, are you ready?

How It Works

A Screw Compressor uses two interlocking screws (also called rotors) that rotate inside a cylinder. As the screws turn, they trap refrigerant gas between them and squeeze it into a smaller space. This compression of the gas helps to cool down your fridge. The turning screws create a continuous flow of refrigerant, making it more efficient than some other types.

Where It’s Commonly Used

Screw Compressors are typically found in large commercial refrigerators, industrial cooling systems, and air conditioners. They are used in places where a lot of cooling power is needed, such as supermarkets, warehouses, and large offices.

Main Features

Here are the main features of the Screw Compressor:

This Infographic Shows A Different View Of A Screw Compressor.

Uses two interlocking screws to compress the refrigerant gas.
Operates smoothly with continuous flow, making it highly efficient.
Commonly used in large or industrial cooling systems that require constant, powerful cooling.
Less noise and vibration compared to reciprocating compressors.

Pros

Let’s look at the advantages of using a Screw Compressor:

Highly Efficient: Provides continuous and smooth compression, reducing energy consumption.
Durable: Built to last longer, especially in industrial settings.
Low Noise and Vibration: Quieter than other compressors, which is a big plus in large, busy areas.

Cons

Here are some disadvantages of the Screw Compressor:

High Cost: More expensive than other types due to its complex design.
Requires Regular Maintenance: Needs upkeep to keep the screws working smoothly and efficiently.
Not Ideal for Small Appliances: Too powerful for home refrigerators, making it unnecessary in smaller models.

Real-Life Example

Think of a supermarket fridge that cools a lot of food at once. That’s where a Screw Compressor would be used. It works efficiently to maintain a steady temperature in larger spaces, ensuring the food stays fresh all day.

Scroll Compressor

Now we will discuss the scroll compressor, how it works, and what its advantages and disadvantages are. Let’s know everything in detail.

How It Works

A Scroll Compressor uses two spiral-shaped scrolls to compress refrigerant gas. One scroll is stationary, while the other moves in a circular motion. As the moving scroll turns, it traps the refrigerant gas in small pockets and squeezes it toward the center. This compression process helps to cool down your fridge. The design is smooth and continuous, making it highly efficient and quieter than other types.

Where It’s Commonly Used

You’ll often find Scroll Compressors in modern air conditioning units, high-efficiency refrigerators, and commercial cooling systems. They are commonly used in appliances that need to be both energy-efficient and quiet, such as home refrigerators and office air conditioners.

Main Features

Here are the main features of the Scroll Compressor:

This Infographic Shows A Different View Of A Scroll Compressor.

Uses two interleaved spiral-shaped scrolls to compress refrigerant gas.
Creates smooth, continuous compression with minimal vibration and noise.
More energy-efficient compared to older compressor types.
Compact and reliable, often found in newer, high-efficiency models.

Pros

Let’s explore the benefits of the Scroll Compressor:

Quiet Operation: Very little noise due to the smooth, continuous movement of the scrolls.
Energy Efficient: Uses less energy because it runs more smoothly and doesn’t waste as much power.
Durable and Reliable: Fewer moving parts means it lasts longer with less wear and tear.

Cons

Here are some drawbacks of the Scroll Compressor:

Higher Initial Cost: Higher upfront cost compared to other types of compressors.
Sensitive to Overheating: If the compressor is overloaded or not maintained properly, it may overheat more easily than other types.
Requires Specialized Maintenance: Because of its unique design, it may require specific maintenance and care.

Real-Life Example

Think about a modern fridge in your kitchen that runs quietly and efficiently. It’s likely using a Scroll Compressor. This type is perfect for appliances where you want both performance and low noise, like in home fridges or office air conditioning systems.

Inverter Compressor

Now we will discuss in detail the inverter compressor, how it works, what its uses are, and what its negative and positive aspects are. Let’s see.

How It Works

An Inverter Compressor is a bit different from traditional compressors. It uses a variable-speed motor, which means it can adjust its speed based on the cooling needs. Instead of constantly turning on and off, like a typical compressor, the Inverter Compressor can run at different speeds to maintain a consistent temperature. This makes it more energy-efficient and quieter because it doesn’t have to cycle on and off.

Where It’s Commonly Used

Inverter Compressors are commonly found in high-efficiency refrigerators, air conditioners, and smart appliances. They are especially popular in modern fridges and energy-saving air conditioning systems that need to maintain a stable temperature with minimal energy use.

Main Features

Here are the main features of the Inverter Compressor:

This Infographic Shows The Parts Pcb Motor And Complete Compressor Of A Refrigerator Inverter Compressor.

Uses a variable-speed motor that adjusts to cooling needs.
Provides a smooth, continuous operation without the need for on/off cycles.
Energy-efficient, as it only uses as much power as needed to maintain the temperature.
Often found in high-end fridges and appliances designed for energy savings.

Pros

Let’s look at the benefits of using an Inverter Compressor:

Energy Efficient: Adjusts speed to match cooling demand, using less power.
Quieter Operation: Runs more quietly than traditional compressors that frequently turn on and off.
Longer Lifespan: Since it operates continuously without stopping, there’s less wear and tear on the motor.
Better Temperature Control: Keeps the temperature stable without constant fluctuations.

Cons

Here are some downsides of the Inverter Compressor:

Higher Initial Cost: Generally, it is more expensive upfront due to its advanced technology.
Requires Specialized Maintenance: The complex motor may need more specialized care or repair.
Not Ideal for Older Appliances: Older models may not be compatible with this technology.

Real-Life Example

Think about a modern fridge that you barely hear running, yet it keeps everything perfectly chilled. This is likely an Inverter Compressor at work. It adjusts its speed based on how much cooling is needed, so the fridge runs efficiently without making too much noise.

Centrifugal Compressor

Now we will discuss the Centrifugal Compressor, how it works, and what its pros and cons are. Let’s know everything in detail.

How It Works

A Centrifugal Compressor uses a rotating impeller to spin the refrigerant gas and throw it outward, creating high pressure. The gas enters the compressor at the center of the impeller and gets pushed to the edges by centrifugal force (hence the name). As the refrigerant gas moves outward, it gets compressed and flows into the next stage of the system. This design allows for continuous flow and is especially good for applications that need high-volume compression.

Where It’s Commonly Used

Centrifugal Compressors are typically found in large-scale refrigeration systems, industrial cooling systems, and air conditioning units for buildings. They are commonly used in commercial cooling applications, such as cold storage warehouses, supermarkets, and large HVAC systems that require high-capacity cooling.

Main Features

Here are the main features of the Centrifugal Compressor:

This Infographic Shows The Centrifugal Compressor From A Different Point Of View.

Uses a rotating impeller to compress the refrigerant gas.
Ideal for high-volume and high-pressure applications.
Creates a continuous flow of refrigerant gas with less vibration.
Commonly used in large-scale industrial cooling systems.

Pros

Let’s take a look at the advantages of using a Centrifugal Compressor:

High Efficiency: Suitable for systems that need to move large volumes of refrigerant.
Smooth Operation: Runs with continuous flow and minimal vibration, making it more stable.
Good for Large Applications: Excellent for cooling in large buildings, factories, and industrial settings.

Cons

Here are some drawbacks of the Centrifugal Compressor:

Expensive: Typically costs more than other types of compressors, especially for smaller systems.
Complex Maintenance: Requires regular maintenance due to the complexity of the impeller and system.
Less Ideal for Small Appliances: Too powerful for smaller, home-use fridges or air conditioners.

Real-Life Example

Imagine a large air conditioning unit cooling an office building or a huge supermarket fridge. The Centrifugal Compressor is likely at work, moving a large amount of refrigerant continuously to keep the entire space cool. Its ability to handle high volumes makes it ideal for commercial cooling needs.

Linear Compressor

Now it’s time to discuss everything about the linear compressor in detail, so are you ready?

How It Works

A Linear Compressor works by using a linear motor to move a piston back and forth. Unlike traditional compressors, which use a crankshaft to convert rotational motion into linear motion, a Linear Compressor moves the piston directly in a straight line. This direct motion allows for more precise control of the compression process. The piston compresses the refrigerant gas smoothly and efficiently, without the jerky motions of other compressors, which helps reduce wear and tear on the system.

Where It’s Commonly Used

You’ll find Linear Compressors in modern high-efficiency refrigerators, particularly in premium fridge models. They are often used in appliances that require quiet and energy-efficient operation, making them ideal for both home kitchens and smart appliances.

Main Features

Here are the main features of the Linear Compressor:

This Infographic Shows The Linear Compressor From A Different Point Of View.

A linear motor is used to move the piston back and forth for compression.
Offers smooth, consistent operation with minimal vibration and noise.
Provides better energy efficiency due to its precise control of the compression cycle.
Often used in high-end refrigerators and energy-efficient appliances.

Pros

Let’s look at the benefits of using a Linear Compressor:

Energy Efficient: Uses less power by offering precise control over the compression process.
Quiet Operation: Runs more quietly than traditional compressors, making it ideal for home kitchens.
Durable: The lack of moving parts, like a crankshaft, reduces wear, making it more reliable and long-lasting.
Precise Temperature Control: Offers better temperature consistency due to smoother operation.

Cons

Here are some downsides of the Linear Compressor:

Higher Cost: Typically more expensive upfront due to the advanced technology used in the motor.
Specialized Maintenance: May require specialized care or repair, making it less accessible for everyday repairs.
Limited Availability: More common in high-end models, so it might not be found in budget appliances.

Real-Life Example

Think about a modern, high-end refrigerator in your kitchen that runs very quietly and cools your food evenly. This is likely a Linear Compressor at work. It’s designed for premium appliances, providing both energy efficiency and quieter operation, perfect for households that value quietness and performance.

Which Types of Refrigerator Compressors Are Best for You?

If you’re looking for the best in both efficiency and performance, the Inverter Compressor truly stands out. It’s a game-changer, offering smooth and quiet operation while being incredibly energy-efficient. Unlike traditional compressors, it adapts to your fridge’s cooling needs, using only the power required to keep everything at the perfect temperature. This not only saves you money on energy bills but also ensures your fridge runs longer and quieter.

From personal experience, if you want a fridge that’s reliable, cost-effective in the long run, and works almost silently, the Inverter Compressor is definitely the way to go. It’s the perfect choice for anyone who values efficiency, peace, and durability in their home appliances.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding the various types of refrigerator compressors can really make a difference when it comes to choosing the right appliance for your home or business. Each type offers its own set of advantages, from energy efficiency to quieter operation. I encourage you to explore these options further and consider what’s most important for you—whether it’s saving on energy bills, reducing noise, or getting the best cooling performance. By knowing your options, you can pick the perfect compressor type that suits your lifestyle and needs, ensuring you get the best value and reliability from your fridge for years to come.

So, guys, it’s time to say goodbye, but before that, we have collected a few questions and their answers for you as a bonus, which we will discuss with you in the next section. So, are you ready to find out? Let’s see.

Common Questions About Types of Refrigerator Compressors

When it comes to choosing the right refrigerator compressor, there are often many questions that come up, especially when considering the differences and technical aspects of each type. Let’s explore some of the most common questions that people ask to help clear up any confusion.

What makes a Scroll Compressor different from a Rotary Compressor in terms of maintenance?

A Scroll Compressor is easier to maintain because it has fewer moving parts, making it more durable over time. In comparison, the Rotary Compressor, while efficient, has more moving components that might need more frequent attention.

Are all Inverter Compressors compatible with older refrigerator models?

Inverter Compressors are often not compatible with older fridge models, as they require specific electronics and controls that older models don’t have. So, it’s important to check compatibility before upgrading.

Can I hear a Screw Compressor operating in large commercial fridges?

Screw Compressors operate quietly, especially in large commercial systems. However, in bigger environments like supermarkets, you may still hear a low, steady hum due to their high-efficiency cooling.

What should I consider before upgrading to a fridge with an Inverter Compressor?

Before upgrading, consider the higher upfront cost of an Inverter Compressor. Despite the initial price, you’ll save money in the long run because of its energy efficiency and longer lifespan.

How does a Linear Compressor impact the fridge’s overall lifespan?

A Linear Compressor can extend your fridge’s lifespan by reducing wear and tear. Its smooth, direct-motion technology ensures the system operates more efficiently, resulting in fewer breakdowns.

Why would someone choose a Reciprocating Compressor despite the noise?

People often choose Reciprocating Compressors for smaller, budget-friendly fridges. Despite being noisy, they are affordable, reliable, and still get the job done well for basic cooling needs.

Can the Centrifugal Compressor be used in residential cooling systems?

Centrifugal Compressors are too powerful and complex for home use. They’re designed for large-scale industrial cooling systems, like factories or large office buildings, rather than residential fridges.

What makes the Rotary Compressor more energy-efficient than a Reciprocating Compressor?

Rotary Compressors run continuously and smoothly, reducing energy waste. In contrast, Reciprocating Compressors cycle on and off, which can lead to higher energy consumption during each cooling cycle.

Are Linear Compressors quieter than Scroll Compressors?

Linear Compressors tend to be quieter than Scroll Compressors because they operate with less vibration. However, Scroll Compressors still offer a good balance of low noise and high energy efficiency.

Can a Screw Compressor be installed in a home refrigerator?

Screw Compressors are not suitable for home refrigerators because they are designed for larger, industrial systems. They are typically used in high-volume cooling systems that need continuous, powerful compression.